Essay about a study case analysis of the OIL MARKET

About an investigation case examination of the OIL MARKET - Essay Example Rather than the remainder of the world which uses oil more for warmth and force, Canada and The United States use oil more for transportation giving a bigger market. The Northern Hemisphere gives a bigger market during cold months. Creating nations give a considerable market size yet the expanding obligation is making them a less focused on showcase (Luciani 85). The general cost of oil substitutes, for example, gas additionally influences the interest for oil. The improvement of solid and less expensive oil substitutes may cause a move popular away from unrefined petroleum towards the rising substitutes. Innovative work of non-oil substitutes has ascended since the high oil costs during 2004-2005, despite the fact that this can take a long time to influence the vitality showcase. These substitutes incorporate sustainable and elective energizes like hydropower sunlight based breeze geothermal, biomass and ethanol. Related merchandise can likewise be praises of oil or products that use oil and oil items like vehicles. On the off chance that the costs of vehicles rise, at that point the interest for oil will fall and on the off chance that the costs of vehicles fall, at that point the interest of oil will rise. This shows related merchandise can either be substitutes or supplements. The measure of pay a nation is eager to spend additionally decides the interest for oil and oil items. On the off chance that the buyer nation has increasingly extra cash, at that point the interest for oil will be all the more yet on the off chance that the pay stays steady and the oil cost rises the interest falls. Thus when oil costs fall the measure of oil requested for a similar salary will rise. This implies a moderately higher pay level therefore builds request levels and a lower pay converts into lower interest for oil. This clarifies why created nations request more oil than creating nations. The reliance on oil has prompted a large number of the creating nations to heap a ton of obligations in their mission to procure oil (Pirayoff 76). Oil gracefully depends with its accessibility and it is accepted

Fall of Eurozone Consumer Prices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fall of Eurozone Consumer Prices - Essay Example The district is simply recuperating from the financial downturn that influenced the whole globe. A significant worry in the district was that shoppers would pick to delay spending on speculation openings, as they dread the descending winding into an out and out financial downturn. So what actions is the European Central Bank taking to forestall the region’s economy from encountering the unfavorable impacts of a fall in purchaser costs? Mario Draghi, the President referenced that the bank was set to gather a gathering in Frankfurt, Germany to examine forceful procedures planned for containing the fall in buyer costs before it got unmanageable. Moreover, he derived that the supposed beginning of emptying was probably not going to occur; in any case, he didn't preclude it totally. Among the conceivable intercession systems the Bank was probably going to take was quantitative facilitating, which is like that embraced by the US Federal Reserve. Albeit dubious in the locale, this technique demonstrated supportive in animating the American economy. Quantitative facilitating involves the procedure by which a country’s Central Bank infuses cash into the country’s economy with the aim of overseeing expansion by expanding spending by the private area . For this situation, the European Central Bank would buy budgetary resources, for example, government securities utilizing cash it has makes. It is significant to take note of that the cash utilized in this procedure isn't substantial cash, as it is produced electronically. Contentions against the utilization of Quantitative Easing are as per the following.

Personal Statement Essay Example for Free

Individual Statement Essay The drive and activity to change has consistently been my inspiration to improve and create. I use it as an apparatus towards procuring new abilities and capabilities that can develop and improve my expert foundation. Furnished with my pertinent objectives and targets, I wish to call attention to my expectation to apply for a Management, Marketing and Society Masters program in Stockholm University. It has consistently been my obsession to be taught and find out about things and issues that proceed to move and lead men and society to different ways. These cultural factors thusly shape us in particular manners and assist us with understanding the patterns occurring in our condition. Presently, with the presentation of globalization, the idea of fringes is gradually crumbling as individuals understand the associations and relatedness in the midst of decent variety. My experience and understudy of governmental issues and global relations in both University of Leeds and Middle East Technical University has given me the influence to translate models and presumptions from both the nearby and worldwide domain. These close by my encounters in both administrative and global association (AISEC) can develop better energy about what this program brings to the table. In like manner, my ventures and individual investigations have urged me to broaden my vocation and harp on close to home and expert turn of events. Instances of these preparation and workshops rotate around the domains of showcasing and the board. At long last, with your acknowledgment I feel that it can help empower and fulfill my craving to learn. It can help augment my comprehension and perception of various components that persistently shape both our neighborhood and worldwide conditions. Simultaneously, by concentrating on the executives and showcasing systems, I can practice on issues and thoughts that are pervasive in various market-situated economies. This thusly can make me lively and versatile to the progressions occurring in our consistent globalizing and growing society.

What to Write in an Essay about Yourself Secrets That No One Else Knows About

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Julius Caesar as the Noblest Roman of Them All Essay

Julius Caesar as the Noblest Roman of Them All In William Shakespeares Julius Caesar the victorious Mark Antony calls his rival Brutus, the noblest Roman of them all. At the start of the play we witnessed Cassius persuade Brutus to join a conspiracy to kill Caesar. In my essay I intend to discuss four main characters in order to prove or disapprove Mark Antonys statement. The play starts off with Julius Caesar entering Rome after his victory in the civil war against Pompey. Some of the conspirators feel that Caesar has become too powerful so they conceive a plan to kill him. A conspirator named Cassius throws flattering letters through the loyal Brutuss window saying that he should†¦show more content†¦A ghost of Caesar appeared in Brutus tent near Sardis telling Brutus that they would meet again at Philippi. To tell thee that thou shalt see me at Philippi. Philippi was where Brutus and Cassius would meet Antony and Octavious to do battle. I am now going to discuss Cassius. I would say that Cassius was a very devious and selfish man. Cassius approached Brutus in act 1, to tell him that he felt that Caesar was becoming too powerful Why man he doth bestride the narrow world like a colossus, and we petty men walk under his huge legs Cassius then sent flattering letters through Brutus window saying that he would be a better emperor than Caesar. On night Brutus could not sleep, he justifies the idea of killing Caesar to himself. That same night all of the conspirators arrive at Brutus house and all decide to kill Caesar at the Senate house the following day. Cassius and Brutus disagree over killing Mark Antony but then they both decide not to. They also have an argument later in act 4 because Brutus accuses Cassius of dishonestly handling money, finally their quarrel was resolved and Brutus told Cassius that part of his anger was caused by theShow MoreRelatedCassius Manipulation of Brutus, the Noblest Roman of Them All, in Shakespeares Julius Caesar699 Words   |  3 Pagesfilled with abhorrence and jealousy. In the play, Julius Caesar, Brutus is a Roman who is easily manipulated, decisive, and proud. These contradicting traits of Brutus show us why the reader does not want to believe that Brutus is an antagonist in the story. Brutus is shown as being easily manipulated in the play. This trait is shown a few times in the play. 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By portraying the qualities of honorable Brutus, William Shakespeare, in his tragedy Julius Caesar, proves that anyone with good intentions, nobility, and the ability to recognize flaws can be a true hero. People constantlyRead More A Comparison of Plutarchs The Lives of the Ancient Grecians and Romans and Shakespeares Julius Caesar660 Words   |  3 PagesA Comparison of Plutarchs The Lives of the Ancient Grecians and Romans and Shakespeares Julius Caesar When closely evaluating the two texts: Plutarchs The Lives of the Ancient Grecians and Romans and Shakespeares Julius Caesar, there are stark differences of the theme and characters. 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Although they are working towards a common goal, Cassius and Brutus have very different motivations for doing this. On the one hand, Cassius sees it as a way to gain more power for himself while destroying the king and all his power. On the other hand, Brutus believes that in killing Caesar he is preserving peace for the Romans’ future years. Throughout the play, Shakespeare uses differentRead MoreJulius Caesar: Not a Great Leader Essay704 Words   |  3 Pagesforces in the play Julius Caesar are the characters Marcus Brutus, Julius Caesar, and Marc Antony. Julius Caesar is the center of the ordeal of leadership in Rome when the play begins. When Caesar returns to Rome he is looked upon by the fickle plebeians as a glorious and triumphant hero. The authority of his heroism is questioned when the honorable Marcus Brutus speaks to the townspeople during Caesar’s funeral. Brutus proves to be the better leader for Rome rather than Caesar or Antony. Brutus isRead MoreEssay about Was Brutus the Noblest Roman of Them All?735 Words   |  3 PagesWas Brutus the noblest roman of all? â€Å"This was the noblest roman of them all† Mark Anthony said about Brutus in the play Julius Caesar, after Brutus had killed himself at the battle of Philippi. Although Brutus had participated in the assassination of Julius Caesar, Mark Anthony, Julius’s nephew, was praising Brutus as a noble person. But how was he noble? In the beginning of the play, we meet Brutus, a highly respected, much loved, senator of Rome. He loved Rome as a republic and he has a goodRead MoreJulius Caesar and The Odyssey Comparative Essay700 Words   |  3 PagesJulius Caesar and The Odyssey Comparative Essay Throughout William Shakespeare’s play Julius Caesar and Homer’s epic poem The Odyssey, loyalty is strongly presented as a major motif. In both texts, loyalty is highly valued as one of the most important traits to a person’s character. Not only do the loyal characters receive better fates, but those who are not loyal are punished for the actions, usually through revenge. In Julius Caesar, the characters that remained loyal to Caesar are the few who

Detection Of Alcohol And Drug Use, And Definition Of...

Please keep in mind your purpose for trying to find out if someone is doing alcohol and/or drugs- To Identify and Help rather than Catch and Punish. General: General and specific guides to detection of alcohol and drug use, and definition of addiction. Contents:I. General Guide to Detection II. Definition of Addiction III. Pupil Dilation IV. Signs and Symptoms V. Paraphernalia a) S/S Chart Version VI. Drug Facts VII. Articles and Other Resources VIII. Drug Pictures/Resources IX. Topics X. Additional Articles (Alcoholism, Drugs, Teenage Addiction, Interventions) XI. Overdose and Emergency Intervention Techniques I. Specific: General Guide to Detection Abrupt changes in work or school attendance, quality of work, work output, grades, discipline. Unusual flare-ups or outbreaks of temper. Withdrawal from responsibility. General changes in overall attitude. Deterioration of physical appearance and grooming. Wearing of sunglasses at inappropriate times. Continual wearing of long-sleeved garments particularly in hot weather or reluctance to wear short sleeved attire when appropriate. Association with known substance abusers. Unusual borrowing of money from friends, co-workers or parents. Stealing small items from employer, home or school. Secretive behavior regarding actions and possessions; poorly concealed attempts to avoid attention and suspicion such as frequent trips to storage rooms, restroom, basement, etc. II. Specific: DSM-IV Definition of Addiction A maladaptive patternShow MoreRelatedEssay about Alcoholism and Drug Addiction17765 Words   |  72 PagesFORWARDING CERTIFICATE Ms Bandana Grover has been permitted to write a project on â€Å"Alcoholism and Drug Addiction† for B.A. LL.B. (Hons) Internal Evaluation of Amity Law School, Sector – 125, Noida, AUUP. Date: 10th October 2011 Ms. Mokshdha Bhushan Lecturer Amity Law School AUUP Noida - 201301 Introduction Alcoholism and Drug Addiction may be conceptualized as crime without victim that is, addict himself is the victim who becomes a prey of its misuse. ThisRead MorePornography : Not So Harmless1582 Words   |  7 Pagespornography is an addiction, has become an epidemic and has serious ramifications for both the viewer and our society as a whole. The most common argument against labeling pornography as an addiction is that the American Psychiatric Association (APA) doesn’t categorize it as such (Allen 1). While it’s true that the APA has yet to confirm that addiction, the American Society of Addiction Medication (ASAM) offers a much broader definition of addiction. 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However, researchers have reported that â€Å"According to the best available estimates, between

To What Extent Did The Aims Of The Campaigners For African American Civil Rights Remain The Same Between 1865 and The 1970s free essay sample

There were many people who believed strongly about how things should change for the better regarding the position of African Americans within the period of 1865-1970. Even though Radical Republicans had attempted to improve the quality of life for blacks by passing the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and 1875, the Ku Klux Klan Act, as well as the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, whites in the South refused to have it any other way than that blacks remained second class citizens and to be kept in their place. The black codes as well as literacy tests, poll taxes, and violence means that blacks weren’t able to vote, and any chances for social equality were completely reduced due to several decisions made by the Supreme Court. In 1896, Plessey v Ferguson upheld a decision by the Supreme Court to refrain blacks from gaining equality, with the principle of â€Å"separate but equal† facilities, yet campaigners such as William Du Bois and Booker T Washington persisted and both promoted the idea that the African Americans should seek economic and social equality, regardless of whether they wanted them to be pushed forward all at once. Marcus Garvey was also another campaigner who aimed to emphasise economic success, as well as Malcolm X who reflected the ideas of Marcus Garvey decades later. All of these campaigners supported each other in a sense, seeing as they all aimed for equality and success in the economic and social aspects of these times. After the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955, blacks throughout the city joined together to hear Martin Luther King Jr. speak out against segregation and the laws that Rosa Parks had violated under Jim Crow. In 1957, King formed the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) to help gain support from the churches, and to promote a non-violent approach to tackle segregation. Ella Baker and other students formed the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in 1960.The SNCC members organized hundreds of protests throughout the South in the 1960s and participated in every major campaign. Although not many other campaigners followed the same ideas as Martin Luther King Jr. to promote non-violence, many other ideas such as aiming for equality and respect from all other races in the United States, especially the whites. The idea of violent, or forceful protest was supported by many such as Malcolm X, Marcus Garvey, Stokely Carmichael who condones the use of violence for redemption. Many of these campaigners did not suggest violence, but they supported the use of it had it been necessary. For example, Malcolm  X did not propose violence, but deemed it necessary to protect women as they weren’t seen as successful or dominant enough to protect themselves within the Nation of Islam which he supported. The Black Panthers were formed in 1966 and were another form of campaigners who felt that non-violent campaigns had failed. The Black Panthers had a particularly clear view that they would use violence to get what they wanted. They had four desires which were equality in housing, education, employment and civil rights. Independent countries or states for blacks and whites was an idea that was proposed and explored by several campaigners. Their beliefs were that white people would never be able to fully accept the African Americans, and that they would never be truly equal regardless of whichever laws were laid down. Marcus Garvey felt it was best that African Americans went back to Africa, each and every one of them because they were not American, they were purely African. He felt that it would be a better situation had they all fled to another country because there would not be such an issue of segregation. Although Malcolm X supported the ideas of Marcus Garvey and was influenced by his aims, he did not think they should leave back to Africa, just that blacks and whites should be kept completely separate. Malcolm X believed that white people were never going to truly see the damage they were causing and so therefore there would never be a true equality between the two races. As a result of this, Malcolm X wanted African Americans and whites to be completely separate, where there would be no issue of racism because it wouldn’t be an interracial area. Stokely Carmichael also pushed forward the idea that the black people of America should promote independence, and stand up for the fact that they would not be pushed around by white people and that they were their own race who should have as much respect as any other. Black Power was a term that spurred from former SNCC leader Stokely Carmichael. The black power movement reflected the idea of militancy, independence, and nationalism within the black community in the late 1960s and early 1970s.The idea of black power was that â€Å"black was beautiful† and it promoted black pride and rejection of the traditional white views, while creating a strong racial identity for the African Americans. The endlessly reoccurring idea that reflects in every speaker such as Martin Luther King or Malcolm X, or the groups formed all across the years such as the SNCC or the Black Panthers, is equality. In one way or another, equality was exactly  what they all wanted. The idea of being respected, treated similarly and having living conditions and economic statuses that were the same was what they were all after. Their aims bounce off each other’s, as seen with Marcus Garvey and Malcolm X where ideas run through different campaigners. Although there were differences in their methods of protest and their backgrounds, each campaign led to the underlying cause of need for equality. There were of course changes between the different speakers as seen with Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr. where one of them wanted to work with the white man, and the other wanted complete segregation, but this did not change the fact that both of these men wanted people to be respected regardless of their race and for blacks and whites to share the same quality of life. Equality was key, it was the essential desire for all of the campaigners throughout the civil rights movements between 1865 and the 1970s, and despite the methodological differences and the idea of segregation and integration, everybody just wanted to be the same.

AR 350-1 Army Training and Leader Development Essays

AR 350-1 Army Training and Leader Development Essays AR 350-1 Army Training and Leader Development Paper AR 350-1 Army Training and Leader Development Paper What is institutional training domain institutional training domain includes Army centers/schools that provideinitial training and subsequent functional and professional military education for Soldiers, military leaders, and Army Civilians. What is operational training domain operational domain encompasses training activities that unit leadersschedule, and individuals, units and organizations undertake. These activities include: progressive training conducted at homestation, regional collective training capability, regional training centers, and mobilization centers What is Self-development training domain 1.Structured self-development. Learning that continues throughout a career and that is closely linked to and synchronized with classroom and on-the-job learning.2.Guided self-development. Recommended but optional learning that will help keep personnel prepared forchanging technical, functional, and leadership responsibilities throughout their career.3.Personal self-development. Self-initiated learning where the individual defines the objective, pace and process,such as: pursuing college education, advanced degree programs, and so forth. What does (ADCON) stand for administrative control What is Leader development Leader development is the deliberate, continuous, sequential, and rogressive process, grounded in Army values,that grows Soldiers and Army Civilians into competent and confident leaders capable of decisive action What are the objectives of training standardization 1.Standardize procedures used by Soldiers and units to operate, maintain, and fight with major weapons and equipment systems.2.Identify tasks that should be performed in the same manner and to the same standard throughout the Army3.Reduce the effects of personnel turbulence.4.Ensure that modular organizations can operate effectively within any assigned formation DA Form 3349 Physical Profile DA Form 4187 Personnel Action DA Form 5500/5501 Body Fat Content Worksheet (Male/Female) DA Form 705 Army Physical Fitness Test Scorecard DA Form 1059 Service School Academic Evaluation Report

Ram Manohar Lohia Essay Example

Ram Manohar Lohia Essay Example Ram Manohar Lohia Essay Ram Manohar Lohia Essay Ram Manohar Lohia, (born March 23, 1910, Akbarpur, India- died October 12, 1967, New Delhi), Indian politician and activist who was a prominent figure in socialist politics and in the movement toward Indian independence. Much of his career was devoted to combating injustice through the development of a distinctly Indian version of socialism. Lohia was born to a family of merchants. Following the death of his mother when he was two, he was raised primarily by his grandparents, although his father’s commitment to Indian nationalism influenced him during his childhood. Lohia attended Banaras Hindu University before earning a bachelor’s degree (1929) from the University of Calcutta and a doctorate (1932) from the University of Berlin, where he studied economics and politics. In 1934 Lohia became actively involved in the Congress Socialist Party (CSP), founded that year as a left-wing group within the Indian National Congress; he served on the CSP executive committee and edited its weekly journal. A vehement opponent of Indian participation on the side of Great Britain in World War II, he was arrested for anti-British remarks in 1939 and again in 1940; the latter incident resulted in an 18-month imprisonment. With the emergence in 1942 of the Quit India movement- a campaign initiated by Mohandas K. Gandhi to urge the withdrawal of British authorities from India- Lohia and other CSP leaders (such as Jaya Prakash Narayan) mobilized support from the underground. For such resistance activities, he was jailed again in 1944–46. During and after India’s transition to independence in 1947, Lohia continued to play an active role in its politics. At loggerheads with Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru on several issues, however, Lohia and other CSP members left the Congress in 1948. He became a member of the Praja Socialist Party upon its formation in 1952 and served as general secretary for a brief period, but internecine conflicts led to his resignation in 1955. Later that year Lohia established a new Socialist Party, for which he became chairman as well as the editor of its journal, Mankind. A spellbinding orator and a passionate and perceptive writer, he advocated for various sociopolitical reforms in his capacity as party leader, including the abolition of the caste system, the adoption of Hindi as India’s national language, and stronger protection of civil liberties. In 1963 Lohia was elected to the Lok Sabha (the lower house of parliament), where he was noted for his sharp criticism of government policies. Although his parliamentary influence was ultimately limited, his progressive views, which he expressed in numerous publications, proved inspirational to many Indians.

Prisons as Total Intitutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Prisons as Total Intitutions - Essay Example This process according to interpretations by Hassine and Abbott creates a subculture for the prisoners with behavioral ways, beliefs and values that though antisocial to the world outside are promoted and even rewarded within the institution of prison. The in-prison socialization helps in this adaptation process but will be severely damaging when the inmate is released to the real world society. Deprivation within the walls of the penitentiary in various forms causes loss of self-esteem in prisoners. It starts from the point of becoming an inmate. It is therefore desirable to introduce correctional policies to reduce the level of deprivation like allowing weekend leaves and conjugal visits as has been done to alleviate sexual deprivation. One way of reducing the prisonization is to involve the inmates in the management of the prison obviously excluding the administrative part. This will help in developing a reciprocal and balanced relationship of the prisoners with the prison administrators providing scope for mature handling of the situation. The real prisons do not, however, fully behave like a total institution of Goffman but in a manner demonstrated by Hassine and Abbott referring to the prisoners falling in line with the inmate sub

People and Organization Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

People and Organization - Coursework Example Quality standards can help assure that company’s staff will have the skills to meet the diverse needs of all the emerging trends in the market. Standards regarding total group size and the production level ratio will have a direct bearing on the quality of the products. Programs can encourage and support staff competence by having: (1) a comprehensive orientation about the programs philosophy and goals, policies, expectations and responsibilities, special needs of individual junior staff, and health and safety procedures; and (2) a plan for on-going training and professional development that includes a wide range of topics such as curriculum, legislation and regulations, development of constructive partnerships with other members in the company, and knowledge of how to access community resources for their families in the program Para-professional staffs help them to build rapport with the community very quickly and they could be co-coordinating the entire activities of the company in that area. They look at these staff as members as effective catalyst, which have deep insight into the community in the question, as well as trust and acceptance. in some research, the outsiders find it very difficult as they are required to climb steep learning curves and go through a very long process of gaining local acceptance, which can be helped or hindered by existing cultural prejudices. A plan for systematic recruitment of a diverse company’s staff is critical to assuring the availability of quality personnel. Personnel managerial of a company program administrators need to develop clearly written job descriptions that reflect the programs inclusion philosophy and list specific responsibilities and expectations for each role. Education and training requirements should be clearly defined and serve as basic criteria for employment. However, it is important that the recruitment plan is flexible.

Gender and Socialization Essay Example for Free

Gender and Socialization Essay The main purpose of this paper is to focus on gender socialization. Human beings that belong to different societies have varied perceptions, opinions, and manners toward socializing with the same or opposite sex. Categorized in the main gender types, male and female are known to react in different ways when given and exposed in the same situation. Regardless of cultural norms or mores of any society in particular, interaction with peers, family, classmates, and other people depend on the male’s and female’s orientation in gender socialization and gender roles. Some concepts attempt to explain the gender issues faced by the two gender types. These attributions of concepts then play an important role in understanding the different societies’ construct of their existing mechanisms of gender roles and expectations including the societies’ gender markers as determinants of sex and gender (SparkNotes, 2008). Gender Socialization Gender and socialization are two different terms that have a relationship with each other. Gender refers to the behavioral characteristics of an individual regarding an individual’s essence of womanhood or manhood, masculinity or femininity, while socialization refers to the social and interpersonal instincts of human in interacting, communicating, and dealing with others. A newborn infant for instance, may be oriented towards its gender by its first experience of socialization after being born. The infant may be more exposed to male socialization rather than female socialization or vice versa which would later on affect the behavior of the infant while growing up. Another example is the way parents choose what the appropriate toy is to be played by their sons and daughters. Usually, parents buy their baby girl a mini-kitchen or ironing set to orient them (however, it is subconscious for the parents’ part) with the future maternal role. For the baby boy’s part, they are usually given toy trucks or tools for various chores in the house for the same underlying purpose. Moreover, upon receiving the presents, the girls usually react more appreciative and smiling than the boys. The essence of gender socialization then, is for the infants to learn the behavior appropriate for their designated sexes (SparkNotes, 2008). Reaction By the time an infant reaches ten months after the day of birth, gender socialization is already executed through the infant’s interaction with the environment, its family members, and caretakers. This is the time when the infant starts to identify him- or herself in either of the two sexes: male or female. Thus, this is also the time for newborn infants to associate the specific gender roles (the attributes and behavior that the culture constructively defines) that are appropriate for their sex and gender. Later in the life of infants, the effects of the previous experience in gender orientation would reflect in their current behavior. Meanwhile, I should say from personal experience that I was mostly given a Barbie doll for Christmas or birthday present. In so doing, I grew up to become a very neat lady who has the taste for fashion and luxury Further, I attribute the idea that I have become a fashionable and finesse lady to my previous hobby of playing, dressing and undressing my Barbie doll (SparkNotes, 2008). Conclusion Gender socialization teaches the infants that would grow as adults the appropriate roles defined by culture and behaviors that are expected of them by the society. Submission to the expectations of the culture and society is important, as every living individual has to interact with others in whatever society he or she belongs to in order to survive and attain a sense of belongingness. Family, peer groups, school, mass media, and some texts play a part in honing this cultured set of beliefs regarding the appropriate roles and expected behaviors for men and women. Men who are accustomed to playing tough games in their childhood result to be future tough guys and women are the opposite. Reference SparkNotes. (2008). Gender socialization. In SparkNotes 101: Sociology. Retrieved December 9, 2008 from http://www. sparknotes. com/101/sociology/socialization/gender_socialization. html.

A Neural Network Primer :: Neural Network Primer Essays

A Neural Network Primer This paper gives the basics of the subject of neural networks. It is recommended for those new to the subject of neural networks and only assumes that the reader has a knowledge of basic algebra. Please feel free to distribute this paper as you wish but please distribute the entire paper without deletions and limit your corrections and additions to the space below the bottom line after the last paragraph of the original text. If you wish for your correction or modification to be changed in the body of the original text, please send your recommendation to one of my computer addresses above. A function is a mysterious black box with inputs and an output. ---------- X --->| | | Function |---> Z Y---->| | ---------- The above function has 2 inputs, X and Y, and one output, Z. Mysterious black boxes that take in inputs and produce an output are called "functions". Sometimes we don't know what goes on inside the function to produce the output from the inputs so that's why we call them "black boxes". X Y | Z ----------- 0 0 | 0 0 1 | 1 1 0 | 1 1 1 | 1 The above table maps out a possible function. It is called the "Or" function. Note that Z is zero when X and Y are both zero and Z is one whenever X "or" Y is a one. Mapping out a function in a table as is shown above is known as creating a "truth-table". X Y | Z ----------- 0 0 | 0 0 1 | 0 1 0 | 0 1 1 | 1 The function mapped out in the truth-table above is known as the "And" function. Note that Z equals 1 only when X "and" Y both equal 1. Note that the numerical values we have used so far for X, Y, and Z have been limited to only "0" and "1". When you only use two values like this you are using a "binary" or "boolean" number system. "Binary" and "boolean" basically mean "two values".

How far is “The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde” by Robert Louis Stevenson just a horror story? Essay

The story was written by Robert Louis Stevenson and was first published in 1886. The story originated from a dream he had and upon wakening, immediately wrote it down. The story is set in Victorian London and the focus of the tale is whether evil is more powerful than good. The Victorians were obsessed with the supernatural and light triumphant over dark, good over evil. The main character is a doctor of science whose experiments are dangerous and who tampers with human life. Otherwise he leads a normal life and has friends and other acquaintances. Those nearest to him however suspect an evil deed including murder and are afraid he is involved. The truths are revealed at the end of the story. The story starts with ordinary Victorian life, of two businessmen out for a walk having a conversation. From normal everyday living the story leads into murders and then finally the death of Dr. Jekyll. The story slowly builds a picture of their lives and their doubts as the story progresses about something evil at work. No one can understand what is happening and why there is a connection between Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde until Dr. Jekyll reveals the true story at the end of the book to Dr. Lanyon. Mr. Hyde was difficult to describe, Mr. Enfield describes him as `deformed and extraordinary looking, but cannot be described`. After the death of Sir Danvers Carew, the maid said he `was particularly small and wicked looking`. This crime of murder was described `with singular ferocity` – Carew was clubbed by a cane and then trampled underfoot by Mr. Hyde under which his victim’s bones were shattered. The victim still kept his purse and gold watch suggesting he was not murdered for money. Robert Louis Stevenson said that Mr. Hyde was `deformed and extraordinary looking, but cannot be described`. Extraordinary means going beyond what is usual, regular, or customary; specifically : of, relating to, or having the nature of a proceeding or action not normally required by law or not prescribed for the regular administration of law -compare ORDINARY of or relating to a financial transaction that is not expected to be repeated. The word `deformed` is to spoil the natural form of; misshape: a body that had been deformed by disease or to spoil the beauty or appearance of; disfigure. Describe means to give an account of in speech or writing or to convey an idea or impression of; characterize: She described her childhood as a time of wonder and discovery. So even though Mr. Hyde is being described as deformed and extraordinary he is still indescribable. When you describe something, you use a lot of words and sentences to express it. But the only description of Mr. Hyde using two words; deformed and extraordinary. Later on in the novel, Mr Hyde was then described as `particularly small and wicked looking` by the maid. She is still describing him, but completely different type of description as Mr. Enfield. I say this because `deformed and extraordinary looking, but cannot be described` can mean many things, it is not making a direct insult to Mr. Hyde. You can interpret and define that description as many deferent things. However the maid’s description of him was `particularly small and wicked looking` which is very specific and rude. I say this because if you are quite a small person you would be described as small and if you were a wicked person you would be described as wicked. So the maid has chosen meaningful and specific words to describe Mr. Hyde. She also says that he is `wicked looking` which might mean that he is not wicked to her knowledge but he looks like a wicked person; she is judging him before she had met him. Slightly before that Mr. Utterson said `Is this Mr. Hyde a person of small stature`. This whole sentence is taking about Mr. Hyde’s height. I say this because stature means the natural height of a human or animal in an upright position and Mr. Hyde is called a small stature. Many times in the novel people have talked about Mr. Hyde’s height, this is because Mr. Hyde is Dr, Jekyll’s evil side. Dr. Jekyll has never exposed his evil side before. So it’s like a person the same age as Dr. Jekyll but has not had long to develop a normal body. Mr. Hyde after a long time would eventually be a normal figure once again if he was exposed to life for a longer time. The word stature can also mean an achieved level; status. This could be implying that Mr. Hyde’s achieved level is small or nothing which would no be not standard level of anyone else. So if Mr. Hyde’s achieved level is low or small that means that Dr. Jekyll’s achieved level would be t he complete opposite and at a above average level. The description from the crime scene after the murder of Sir Danvers Carew was described `with singular ferocity`. This means that the crime is one of a one person attack that was ferocious. Singular is being only one; individual or being the only one of a kind and Mr. Hyde was. The word ferocity immediately sounds like fear or fierce, it means the state or quality of being ferocious; fierceness. In just two words the whole scene becomes clear who did it and how it was done. Meanwhile Dr. Jekyll is looking incredibly unwell and fearful. He is acting strangely and appears to know more about Mr. Hyde but is not revealing too much about him. Mr. Utterson walks past Dr. Jekyll’s house and Dr. Jekyll looks out of the window saying he feels low and then disappears with a look of terror and despair. Mr. Poole, Dr. Jekyll’s servant visits Mr. Utterson to tell him of the strange happenings in the house, his master’s disappearance and hearing him cry day and night. Before Dr. Lanyon died, Mr. Hyde visited him and drank a mixture of tincture and powders. Dr. Lanyon was disbelieving and wanted to see what would happen. Dr. Lanyon was in deep shock seeing Mr. Hyde transform into Dr. Jekyll and was sickened. He could not sleep and `the deadliest terror sits by him day and night`. He felt that he would defiantly die. In chapter five Mr. Utterson asked Dr. Jekyll for the letter that Sir Danvers Carew had wrote and Dr Jekyll simply said `I burned it, before I thought what I was about. But it bore no postmark. The note was handed in`. This means that because the envelope did not have a stamp on it Dr Jekyll immediately destroyed a very important letter from Sir Danvers Carew. This is saying that Dr. Jekyll is a much of an organised and very hard to fool type of person and something as simple a no stamp on a letter leads the reason to the death of Sir Danvers Carew a more of a mystery than if the letter was read. Mr Utterson is also very clever and quite like Dr. Jekyll in that trying to fool him is an impossible task. A conversion, for example about two similar letters is spotted by Mr. Utterson, `And by all accounts a very odd writer. Is that from Dr. Jekyll, sir? I thought I knew the writing, anything private, Mr. Utterson? It is only an invitation to dinner, why, do you want to see it? One moment, thank you, sir; it’s a very interesting autograph. Why did you compare them, Guest? Well, sir, there’s a rather singular resemblance; the two hands are in many points identical: only differently sloped`. This is saying that the two styles of handwriting are the same but from completely different people. Mr Utterson being no fool listened to the clerk who was telling him about the two different styles of writing and took it into account. Dr. Jekyll soon becomes depressed and losses the confidence in himself. I say this because Dr. Jekyll said `I am very low, Utterson, very low. It will not last long, thank God`. Dr. Jekyll knows that the fresh air will do him some good but prefers to lie down indoors. If someone else was ill, like Mr. Utterson, Dr. Jekyll would be saying the same thing that Mr. Utterson was telling Dr. Jekyll. It is interesting the way Dr. Jekyll uses the word `low` rather than ill or sick. The word `low` means to let, bring, or move down to a lower level or to reduce in value, degree, or quality or to weaken; undermine: lower one’s energy or to reduce in standing or respect. Leading up to chapter eight is a strange unfolding of a monster that has murdered and disappears, no one knows much of him but he is someone connected to Dr. Jekyll. All the characters understand something evil is taking place but they cannot or do not want to connect the evil of Mr. Hyde and Dr. Jekyll. It is not until chapter eight that Dr. Jekyll has to reveal the true horror story. Mr. Utterson does not suspect any foul play but when Mr. Poole tells him because he has noticed some foul play, Mr. Utterson is slightly alarmed. `I think there’s been foul play`. Then Mr. Utterson replies with `Foul play`! What foul play? What does the man mean`? Then Mr. Poole says `I daren’t say, sir but will you come along with me and see for yourself`. The idea of a scientist experimenting with such dangerous drugs is bizarre. In the modern day century drugs would not be used on humans unless they had undergone vigorous testing. Who would endanger life in the 19th century by using such experiments? Over a hundred years ago illness and death would occur by taking untested drugs. London is described in Victorian horror stories as nearly always fog bound, which it was through pollution. Sinister blocks of buildings, black winter mornings, London hummed solemnly, all descriptions of poorly hit London, which was very creepy and spooky. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is not a terrifying horror story but merely stating the facts of a scientist’s experiment that becomes dangerous. Until the killing of Sir Danvers, Mr. Hyde was just described as many evil things by the way he looked and behaved, not by his actions as no one had proof he was evil. The morality of the tale is that the Victorian’s belief of good and evil does not always triumph and that practising un-harmful scientific experiments can result in playing God and are best left alone. Dr. Jekyll was forced to lead a double life hiding himself away with his experiments as he would not have been accepted in Victorian society as a scientist with such evil ideas.

Essay on Memory in Exile Eva Hoffmans Lost in Translation

Eva Hoffman’s memoir, Lost in Translation, is a timeline of events from her life in Cracow, Poland – Paradise – to her immigration to Vancouver, Canada – Exile – and into her college and literary life – The New World. Eva breaks up her journey into these three sections and gives her personal observations of her assimilation into a new world. The story is based on memory – Eva Hoffman gives us her first-hand perspective through flashbacks with introspective analysis of her life â€Å"lost in translation†. It is her memory that permeates through her writing and furthermore through her experiences. As the reader we are presented many examples of Eva’s memory as they appear through her interactions. All of these interactions evoke memory,†¦show more content†¦Because they were the first things, the incomparable things, the only things. It’s by adhering to the contours of a few childhood objects that the substance of ourselves – the molten force we’re made of – molds and shapes itself.† (74). The changes create a world of comparisons – knowing the world of paradise in Cracow presents an instant dichotomy with that of her newly uncharted American culture. Eva presents many examples of the differences between the two cultures. The significant difference is, of course, the language barrier. Eva explains her actual loss in translation – that the words of Eva’s native language don’t hold the same meaning as that of the words in English. She explains, â€Å"‘River’ in Polish was a vital sound, energized with the essence of riverhood, of my rivers, of my being immersed in rivers. ‘River’ in English is cold – a word without an aura. It has no accumulated associations for me, and it does not give off the radiating haze of connotation. It does not evoke† (106). This loss of meaning is omnipresent in all of American culture in Eva’s eyes. Eva laments that, â€Å"I have no interior language, and withou t it, interior images – those images through which we assimilate the external world, through which we take it in, love it, make it our own – become blurred tooâ€Å" (108). Due to this

The Psychological Needs Of An Organization - 976 Words

organizational performance. Contrarily, Alabi (2010) and Akintayo (2012) in different studies suggested that the psychological needs of employees constitute an important cause of conflict. Comparatively, Tseveendorj (2008) indicated that in Malaysia, bank workers rated other sources such as communication, perception, values, and culture as the sources of conflict even though some of the staff differed in their degree of perception. Similarly, Fakirani (2013) did an empirical research and suggested that different ethno-religious and cultural backgrounds have caused and created certain problems in an organization. The author further revealed that â€Å"conflict has emerged from a pervasive ignorance about others who inhabit a shared socio-geographic space, an ignorance that breeds misunderstanding and mistrust† (p. 115). Thus, if conflict is born out of ignorance, it is necessary to make education and training a priority among employees. This can be done by creating awareness. However, Okolo (1977) revealed that the leading sources of organizational conflict in Nigeria are the conditions of service, opportunity, salary and wages and job security. This is in agreement with the study of Okere; - et al. (2015) who emphasized that employer, employee agreement must be fulfilled to avoid crises. Although there are some similarities between the two different studies; in my thought the needs of the people in different regions are a contributing factor in conflicts. In anotherShow MoreRelatedProject Management And The Changing Psychological Contract812 Words   |  4 PagesPROJECT MANAGEMENT AND THE CHANGING PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT Dainty et al. (2004) explored the nature and content of psychological contract amongst key management group in construction industry in the UK. Psychological contract is defined by Rousseau (1995, p.9) as â€Å"individual beliefs, shaped by the organization, regarding terms of an exchange agreement between individual and their organization†. They are informal, unwritten mutual expectation of input and subsequent output in employment relationshipRead MoreFive Models of Organization Behavior729 Words   |  3 PagesMoney | Support | Team work | Caring,Compassion | Employee orientation | Obedience | Securityamp;Benefits | Job performance | Responsiblebehavior | Psychologicalownership | Employee psychological result | Dependenceonboss | Dependenceonorganization | Participation | Self discipline | Self-motivation | Employee needs met | Subsistence | Security | Statusamp;Recognition | Self actualization | Wide range | Performance result | Minimum | Passivecooperation | Awakeneddrives | Moderate enthusiasm |Read MoreInside Terrorism : Psychological And Behavioral Factors1742 Words   |  7 PagesTerrorism: Psychological and Behavioral Factors Terrorism is a difficult issue to understand and grasp for many people. 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How I Read Music Like A Pro - 7017 Words

Music 101: How to Read Music like a PRO in 24 hours By Jean Rhoda Nambassa Copyright ? 2015 Introduction. Musical notes are a language that has evolved over thousands of years and the notation that we know today, there are more than 300 years. Music notation is a representation of sound by symbols of a simple notation for pitch, length and timing to more advanced features of expression, timbre, and even special effects. This book will show you the basics of reading music, some more advanced methods and how you can learn more about the subject. This guide focuses on musical notations and symbols found on sheet music; note counts, accidentals, time signatures, key signatures, breaks, codas, ornaments, and articulations, to mention a few. This guide will also include pictures and simplified definitions to make it easier for you to understand. Modern musical notation was derived from European Classical music and is still used by musicians around the world. In the middle of the 19th century, it was said that the monasteries in Europe began developing notations for Gregorian chant using neumes* or the earliest musical notation. The roots of modern musical notation symbols are originally from the Roman Catholic Church. Neumes These were the earliest form of musical notation, used during the middle ages by Christians, which are still being used for Gregorian chants and plainsongs (or plainchants) nowadays. Quick Trivia ?Did you know that the earliest form of musicalShow MoreRelatedHow The Piano Is Put Off By The Idea Of Spending Long, Boring Hours Learning Music Notes1156 Words   |  5 PagesMany people who want to learn to play the piano are put off by the idea of spending long, boring hours learning music notes. If you are serious about learning to play the piano, the first thing you will need to do is put those negative thoughts behind and start with an open mind. 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Rap music evolved as an art and cultural form of expressionRead MoreMusic Censorship1016 Words   |  5 PagesVazquez English 101 October 9, 2007 Music Censorship I enjoy and love music very much. I feel that music artists should have the right to freely express their work and I feel that I should argue about the censorship attacks on these artists. I’m tired of listening to a good song on the radio with some of the words censored. It ruins the song and I can’t stand it. Some people think that rap is a bad influence and causes the young to behave badly. But I think all this censoring has something toRead MoreHow I Develop Healthy Attitudes And Behaviors Of Her Life1184 Words   |  5 Pagesefforts to get Cecilia to think about how she can apply healthy attitudes and behaviors to her life, I utilize solution-focused approaches to my work with her as I have read about in the De Jong Miller (1995) article How to Interview for Client Strengths. 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At first, a young child could probably see a book as one more of his toys but as he or her are continually exposed to reading they will learn to turn pages by themselves and later they will pretend to read a book and make vocal sounds when â€Å"reading† a book. When parents read to their children, children have the opportunity to see a variety of things that are new to them children butRead MoreBehavior Project to Help Me Focus Essay example1559 Words   |  7 Pagesmyself in line I kept data. On the data I used calendars and on the days that I had homework or to study I wrote down how long it took me to do it and what subject it was for. For this to happen I had to come up with some type of plan. Right? If you do not have a plan and do not follow that plan you will be out of line and the behavior change will not work. The plan that I advised myself to use was this. I choose five ways to modify changes that helped me reach my targeted behavior. I used: 1.Focus

Inclusive Education Situational Analysis †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Inclusive Education Situational Analysis. Answer: Introduction Samoa is a country situated in the central SouthPacific Ocean. It is one of the westernmost island countries ofPolynesia. The Samoansmake up around 92.6% of the total Polynesian population.They form the second largest branch of Polynesians. The people generally occupy islands of the Pacific from New Zealand to Hawaii and from Easter island to Fiji (AhChing, 2013). This report aims to illustrate the wellbeing of people belonging to this ethnic group with respect to their education among children belonging to the age group of 7-11 years. Status, cause and impacts Samoa is a lower middle income country. In 2015, it had a GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of nearly $761 million. According to 2012 reports of the UNESCO (United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization), approximately 193,000 people receive education in Samoa on a land area that encompasses around 2,820 square kilometers. These lands mainly comprise the two main islands of Savaii and Upolu. 8 small islands also belong to this region. The report further suggests that literacy rate in Samoa is around 99% in adults, which is way higher than 71% average literacy rate in the Pacific. Data from community profiles suggest that during the early 1970s, many Samoans migrated to Australia for educational programs that were sponsored by the latter government. The first schools in Samoa were founded by several missionaries in the 1830s. The New Zealand school system is generally followed by all Samoan schools (Kearney Zuber-Skerritt, 2012). The Department of Education takes the responsibility of providing learning opportunities to all students. Non-governmental organizations are involved in providing early childhood education in Samoan schools. Education is considered crucial for the improved life quality. Hence, the ministries and education departments have employed several strategies to improve the access to learning opportunities and outcomes. Initially the participation rate was low. However, the non-formal and formal institutions are now working towards ensuring inclusive primary education in all sections of the society. When compared to the Pacific community or a majority of world population, all Samoan schools demonstrated effective educational program characteristics. However, if there is an increased emphasis on primary school retention of students and role of informal education, the effectiveness and quality of education will possibly improve in Samoa. Evidence from the recently published Samoan national report highlights formal primary education as an essential issue that can perpetuate rural poverty. The Samoa Hardship and Poverty Report, published in 2013 demonstrated a significant correlation between vulnerability statuses, poverty and education level among Samoan citizens. It was found that men without any tertiary education in urban locality were more likely to become vulnerable to poverty when compared in demographics (Zealand, 2013). Approximately 12% Samoans were shown to be formally employed, and most of them lived off of low-paid employment opportunities and informal wages in formal and informal sectors. This did not require any trainingbeyond secondary education. Solution/Pathways employed To increase enrollment and completion of 8 years at primary schools among children belonging to the intermediate age groups, the government has identified several strategic areas that need focus. It aims to progress teaching quality, improve the coordination between policy development and planning, upgrade resources and facilities, make training opportunities more accessible and strengthen the linkage between the policy formulations at all levels. The education act proposed in 2009, has made primary education compulsory for all children aged between 5-14 years. A primary education certificate examination has been developed (SPECA) to fulfill the framework of assessment policies that target learning objectives (Cahill, 2016). The assessment helped in illustrating the role of communicative and managerial functions of educational assessments. An equity goal between the number of males and females enrolled for primary education was achieved (21,124 boys and 18,514 girls) (Richards Vinin g, 2015). Other approaches that have been taken by the government to enhance primary education is the development of bilingual primary curriculum to ensure that the young Samoan children are able to learn the basics of English and Samoan language from early age (Mayeda et al., 2014). The Samoa School Fees Grant Scheme (SSFGS) was designed in 2010 with the aim of providing technical and financial assistance to primary schools in lieu of fees. This helped in reducing financial burden for the parents and transferred a part of the monetary responsibility to the schools through government funding (McDonald Tufue-Dolgoy, 2013). It helped in contributing more number of children to primary education in the long term. The Compulsory Education Act passed in 1992 made it mandatory for students to remain enrolled in primary schools till they reached 14 years of age (Lameta, 2013). Hence, these initiatives taken by the government were effective in ensuring holistic wellbeing of the children by increasing their participation in primary education. One major issue that affects educational wellbeing of the students is the high dropout rates and low attendance among Samoan children. The National Youth Council report suggests an alarming dropout rate of 78.93% in primary and secondary levels. Moreover, some parents do not monitor their childs progress. This often leads to poor outcomes and drop in attendance (Tuia Iyer, 2015). Recommendations Though the recently passed Education Act carries the power of detaining and questioning any children belonging to compulsory age group who do not attend school, it is not properly utilized. A strict legislation needs to be enforced that can detain parents to ascertain the reason for not allowing their children the access to compulsory education. This will also give the parents a responsibility to ensure that their children are fulfilling the requirements for compulsory attendance and are taking part in all school activities (Rieser, 2012). Face-to-face interviews of the parents with the school communities will help them realize the importance of primary education for the all round development of their child. Moreover, orphaned or children who live with chronically ill parents are found to be at a greater risk of dropping out of school due to financial constraints. Teachers and school authorities must reach out to those families to demonstrate the use of governmental funding in reduci ng the burden of school fees (Forlin et al., 2015). That will help the parents make informed decisions regarding the health and wellbeing of their children. References AhChing, P. L. (2013).Polynesian Interconnections: Samoa to Tahiti to Hawaii. Lulu Press, Inc. Cahill, F. (2016). Crossing the road from home to secondary school: A conversation with Samoan parents.Waikato Journal of Education,12(1). Forlin, C., Sharma, U., Loreman, T., Sprunt, B. (2015). Developing disability-inclusive indicators in the Pacific Islands.Prospects,45(2), 197-211. Kearney, J., Zuber-Skerritt, O. (2012). From learning organization to learning community: Sustainability through lifelong learning.The Learning Organization,19(5), 400-413. Lameta, E. (2013). Samoan inclusive education situational analysis: Students with disabilities.Samoa: Ministry of Education, Sports and Culture. Mayeda, D. T., Keil, M., Dutton, H. D., Ofamo'Oni, I. F. H. (2014). You've Gotta Set a Precedent: M?ori and Pacific voices on student success in higher education.AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples,10(2), 165-179. McDonald, L., Tufue-Dolgoy, R. (2013). Moving forwards, sideways or backwards? Inclusive education in Samoa.International Journal of Disability, Development and Education,60(3), 270-284. Richards, J., Vining, A. R. (2015). Universal primary education in low-income countries: The contributing role of national governance.International Journal of Educational Development,40, 174-182. Rieser, R. (2012).Implementing inclusive education: a Commonwealth guide to implementing Article 24 of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Commonwealth Secretariat. Tuia, T. T., Iyer, R. (2015). Samoas education policy: Negotiating a hybrid space for values.International Education Journal: Comparative Perspectives,14(2), 125-133. Zealand, S. N. (2013). Census QuickStats about culture and identity.Wellington: Statistics New Zealand.

Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation

Question: Describe about the Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation. Answer: Introduction There are multiple forms of procurement methods in the construction industry. This report has focused on analyzing three different procurement methods. These are: traditional method, design and build method and management method. Traditional method separates the functions of the consultants/design team (architect, quantity surveyor, mechanical engineer and structural engineer) and the construction team (main contractor, subcontractors and suppliers). Design and build method is where a client appoints a contractor who takes the responsibility of design and construction works. The entire project is under a single entity, contract and work. Management procurement method is where the client appoints a management contractor, pays him a fee and assigns him total or partial responsibility for design and/or construction works. Therefore each procurement method is suitable for a different kind of project. This means that if a particular method suits one project, it will not necessarily suit t he next project. Traditional procurement method This procurement method has been used in the construction industry for many years. It is undoubtedly the oldest procurement method for construction projects. Its components are: designing, bidding and building (design-bid-build). The method separates design work from construction work (Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation, 2008). The design team is responsible for design work (designing the project/structure) while the construction team is responsible for executing the construction works. The design team, in conjunction with the client/developer, prepares a detailed plan of the project and gives it to the contractor before preparing the cost estimates. The contractor is responsible for dealing with all issues related to construction materials, workmanship, subcontractors and suppliers. There are 3 forms of contracts under traditional procurement method. These are: lump sum contracts, measurement contracts, and cost reimbursement. Lump sum contracts are where the total sum of the contract is determined and agreed between the client and contractor even before the start of any construction works. Measurement contracts are where the total sum of the contract is determined on completion of the project and after taking re-measurements of work done. The re-measurements are done jointly between the client and contractor. Cost reimbursement is where the total sum of the contract is determined based on actual costs of materials, plant, equipment and labor then an extra fee is added to cover profit and overheads. Under traditional procurement method, the client hires consultants and they work together to determine the design, quality and cost of the project. Tender documents are prepared first before inviting bidders. After awarding the tender, the contractor will depend on the instructions and information provided by the consultants. The consultants are also the ones who deal with all issues related to valuation of the project and payment. Advantages This method enhances accountability because the client selects the design team and construction team on a competitive basis. It gives all contractors a level ground to bid for the tenders. Thus contractors have a competitive equity The client and design team have a direct influence on the project and therefore they can determine and improve the overall quality of the design The total price of the contract is known at the time when the contract is being awarded. This price certainty makes it clear on what the client has to pay and what the contractor will get (guaranteed lump sum) on completion of the project. It clearly specifies what each party should do. This promotes responsibility among the parties involved because their works are clearly separated It is a very common procurement method that has been tried and tested hence many clients and contractors are familiar with it. The client carries almost all the design risk. In this method, the contractor does not take any design management risk Contract changes or variation can be easily arranged and managed as the project continues Disadvantages It takes a lot of time before producing complete tender documents. Clients have to spend significant resources, including time, to prepare complete designs and tender documents so as to reduce or avoid disputes The method usually increases the overall duration of the project. One of the reasons for this is because construction works cannot commence until all required design documents have been produced. Therefore it is not suitable for fast track construction projects The contractor does not contribute to the design and cost estimation of the project and therefore risks are allocated in his absence. In most cases, the contractor is appointed after the design and planning stages of the project. This exclusion is likely to cause disputes, especially those related to the design When to use traditional procurement method This method of procurement is recommended to be used when: There is adequate time to execute the project. This allows sufficient time to prepare the design and contract documents and also follow all other procedures related to bidding and awarding the tender The design of the consultant is warranted. This reduces design risk The client wants to select consultants and contractors individually Price certainty of the project is needed before the construction starts The quality of the final product or work is of great importance There is need to distribute risks between the client and contractor. Under this method, the client and consultant are responsible for design risks while the contractor is responsible for construction risks The value of the construction project is small Design and Build procurement method This is a procurement method where the client appoints a contractor to take responsibility of design and construction works. Here, the roles of design team and construction team are integrated (Design-Build Institute of America, 2016). This means that design and construction services of the project are under a single entity, single contract, and single work. The client only manages one contract. If the client has no expertise on the project, he may appoint consultants who will advise him on issues related to his design needs and cost. The contractor, who takes partial or total responsibility of the design, may also appoint consultants to help him design and execute the work. There are two ways in which a client may appoint a contractor under design and build procurement method. These are: competitive tender and negotiated agreement (Sarah, Stanley and Hugh, 2009). Competitive tender is where the client, with the help of his consultants, prepares his design specifications or documents then invites contractors to bid. The contractor is selected based on a competitive basis. In negotiated agreement, the client only involves one contractor to discuss the project This method can be more effective if there is straightforward and timely communication between the client and contractor. The two teams have to work as partners with a common goal (The Chartered Institute of Building, 2010). Advantages The client only deals with a single firm thus reducing the amount of time and other resources that could have been used to look for contractors and designers separately Post certainty is higher and is usually determined before start of construction because the client states his requirements first and changes can only be done with his approval The contractor can save time and cost by using his own strategies considering that he knows the guaranteed maximum price even before starting the project. This allows the contractor to complete the project early and move to the next The contractor is involved in the design process and therefore he has the advantage of innovating ways of improving construction methods It enhances faster project delivery There are less disputes and conflicts between the client and contractor The client only requires a few technical staff because it is not his responsibility to examine the completeness and accuracy of the design teams work (Legislative Analysts Office, 2005). Disadvantages It may be quite challenging for the client to prepare a comprehensive project brief that adequate information and/or his requirements It can be quite expensive for the client if he introduces changes to the project scope It is challenging for the client to compare bids since each contractor submits a different design, project plan and schedule, and prices It locks out small contractors since most clients using this method always look for contractors that are well established, qualified, experienced and with a proven track record It limits guarantee of quality control. This is because the client does not provide the final design of what he wants at the time of awarding the contract hence he has limited control regarding the quality of the work (Simon Millman, 2013) The contract is awarded subjectively, which sometimes ignores some crucial issues such as unique needs or complexity of the project When to use design and build procurement method This procurement method is suitable under the following circumstances: If scope design provided in the brief can be changed If the project is simple (not complex) If the structure being constructed is more functional (not prestigious) If it is possible to overlap activities in the project plan If only one firm is needed to take risk and responsibility of design and construction works If the project value is of medium size Management procurement method This method focus on who will be responsible for the overall management of the construction project. There are three kinds of management procurement method: management contracting, design and manage, and construction management (Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation, 2008). Management contracting is where the client appoints a management contractor and a separate professional team. The contractor takes responsibility of all construction works and has direct contractual dealings with all other contractors involved in the work. Construction management is where the client appoints a management contractor, pays him a management fee for him to prepare the project plan, facilitate design and construction works, enhance collaboration among all stakeholders and manage the project professionally. The management contractor organizes and manages works contracts but these work contracts are directly between the works contractor and the client. Here, the management contractor only acts as an agent. Design and manage is where the client appoints a contractor, pays him a few and gives him the responsibility to oversee both the design team and works contractors. Advantages The client only deals with a single firm so the method promotes collaboration and coordination between design and construction teams It allows time saving as the works can be started earlier and the design and construction works can also overlap It is possible to get competitive prices for works packages Since the contractor is involved in the design stage, constructability is improved There are clear roles, responsibilities and risks for all parties involved The client can make changes to the design as construction progresses Disadvantages Price certainty cannot be attained until after letting the final works package The client must be proactive and well informed about the project to get better results Price certainty is usually very low It requires close information and time control for the project to be completed successfully The project can only be completed if the client provides all the necessary resources The client may not control the design quality directly since it is influenced by the contractor The client incurs high administrative costs It may be difficult to allocate a single point of accountability regarding the quality of work or time of completion When to use management procurement method If the project has to be completed fast and early If the project is large and complex If there is trust and confidence among all parties involved If design and construction works can overlap If the management contractor is ready to put his interest in the project If the client understands the project comprehensively and can make informed decisions about it Conclusion Each construction project has its own uniqueness. This is because each client, design requirements, contractor and construction site is different. Therefore there is no single procurement method that can suit the needs of all construction projects. Each procurement method in the construction industry has its strengths and weaknesses. It is therefore important for stakeholders involved in a construction project to evaluate each method, including their associated risks and effect on the client, design team and construction team, before selecting the one that suits them best. References: Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation, 2008, Building Procurement Methods, CRC Construction Innovation, Brisbane. Design-Build Institute of America, 2016, What is Design-Build? Viewed September 7, 2016, https://www.dbia.org/ABOUT/Pages/What-is-Design-Build.aspx Legislative Analysts Office, February 3, 2005, Design-Build: An Alternative Construction System, LAO, California. Sarah Lupton, Stanley Cox and Hugh Clamp, 2007, Which Contract? RIBA Publishing Simon Millman, August 19, 2013, Design and Build Procurement: Cutting through the Misconception, viewed September 7, 2016, https://www.fgould.com/middle-east/articles/design-and-build-procurement/ The Chartered Institute of Building, 2010, Procurement in the Construction Industry, CIOB, UK.

How Has Film Influenced Lifestyles And Human Behavior In The 20th Cent

How Has Film Influenced Lifestyles and Human Behavior in the 20th Century? How Has Film Influenced Lifestyles and Human Behavior in the 20th Century? During the 20th century, film has been a powerful media in which to influence people's lifestyles and human behavior. Film is for people who do not enjoy reading or other more stimulating leisure and want to be entertained or escape from everyday life. Movies gave society a great way to see vintage fashion, including how to wear period accessories that accompany the clothing. Movies also gave society a view of actors portraying wartime heroes, rebels or gangsters, which may influence peoples human behavior. The film industry introduced flapper movies in the early days. The flapper wore short hair and a short skirt, with turned-down hose and powdered knees. The flapper must have seemed to her mother like a rebel. Flappers offended the older generation because they defied conventions of acceptable feminine behavior. They used make-up and wore baggy dresses, which often exposed their arms as well as their legs from the knees down. The flapper movies were modern and influenced a revolution in fashion. During the time of the Great Depression, film was a source of cheerful escapism for most. People were out of work, but they did manage to find money to go the movies. Even during the darkest days of the Depression, movie attendance was between 60-75 million per week. The balancing act for film making was to both reflect the realism and cynicism of the Depression period. They also provided escape entertainment to boost the morale of the public by optimistically reaffirming values such as thrift and perseverance. During The Golden Age of Hollywood, movies were under strict enforcement and censorship. Film studios submitted their films for review and if they met the strict standards of decency they could be released. Regulations of the code included censorship of language, references to sex, violence, and morality. Without a seal, films were threatened with negative publicity and potential box-office failure. Movies were not allowed to portray gangsters as heroes. Movies of this time, basically influenced people to have better moral standards. The American film industry was extremely prolific, affluent, powerful and productive during the war years. The world was headed toward rearmament and warfare in the early to mid-1940s, and the movie industry, like every other aspect of life, responded by making movies, producing many war-time favorites. These movies offered escapist entertainment, reassurance, and patriotic themes and morale boosters for the audience. In the period following the war, post-war affluence increased choice of leisure time activities, conformity, middle-class values, a baby boom, the invention of television, drive-in theaters, and a youth reaction to middle-aged cinema. When most of the films were idealized with conventional portrayals of men and women, young people wanted new and exciting symbols of rebellion. The film industry responded by producing a number movies with portrayals of young men and women rebelling against the establishment. "Rebel Without A Cause" was a movie about a rebellious, misunderstood, middle-class youth who had difficulty relating to his parents. This movie influenced the audience that it was okay to act in a rebellious way to get attention. When looking back on the film history of the 20th century you begin to realize the great impact these films had on people's lifestyles and human behavior. Movies influenced they way people dressed and the way people acted. We as, movie goers, must choose what is morally right or wrong and not be influenced by the film industry. We must also choose what is a fashion statement and what is not. The film industry may be protected under the freedom of speech amendment, but we do not have to be influenced by what they project in their movies.